OER Commons & Open Education Open Educational Resources | Department of Education February 8, 2011. that are either (a) licensed under an open copyright license (e.g., Creative Commons 1) or . In future educational models, educational resources, however, consist of more than "learning content." It is therefore important to understand how open educational resources can be characterized from technical, economic, pedagogical . PDF A Brief History of Open Educational Resources 2. Organized into four sections each with their own introduction, the chapters range from narratives and case studies to analytical empirical works, sharing theory and practical writings, focusing on the widening participation and open educational resource communities; the production, reuse, and recreation of open educational resources; sharing user-generated content; and social learning, rich . PDF The Importance of Open Educational Resources in the ... The Importance of Open Educational Resources in the Teaching and Learning of Languages: Case study Dr. Karen Ferreira-Meyers, Institute of Distance Education, University of Swaziland E-mail: karenferreirameyers@gmail.com Introduction In 1992, the World Wide Web was launched and soon after open information resources became . Open Educational Resources (OER) have been lauded for their ability to reduce student costs and improve equity in higher education. The goal of OER is to make this information freely available, therefore increasing educational possibilities for previously underserved groups . Some examples include: OEDb : over 10,000 free courses from universities as well as reviews of colleges and rankings of college degree programs. It is important to ensure that this growing body of resources has a method of evaluation(see Achieve Rubrics found at The term was defined as "the open provision of educational resources, enabled by information and communication technologies, for . The theoretical benefits of Open Educational Practices (OEP) have become understood in the academic community but thus far, the use of OER has not been rapidly adopted. In terms of the impact on learning it describes three aspects: Open Educational Resources, e-textbooks and Massive Open Online Courses. Such a supportive environment should include easily accessible and shareable tools, services and content. 16. The Center for Distributed Learning has a dedicated team of instructional designers who specialize in supporting faculty interested in Open Education. The theoretical benefits of Open Educational Practices (OEP) have become understood in the academic community but thus far, the use of OER has not been rapidly adopted. OER stands for "Open Educational Resources" and is linked to an educational movement that began about 20 years ago and has become a global educational movement. The importance of finding ways of expanding educational opportunity cannot be underestimated. increase open resources for teaching and learning is continuously growing because OER provide a meansaddr of essing the cost of education and the need for more student-centered materials, particularly in adult education. OER, a part of the global open content movement, are shared teaching, learning, and research resources available under . Open Education Practice. These materials can be used in both face-to-face and online classrooms; however, some must be modified or redesigned to be effective for the online environment. Flood of Open Education Resources Challenges Educators, January 13, 2016. Open Educational Resources and Libraries A Briefing KEY POINTS 1. The move to open education practice (OEP) is more than a shift in content, it is an immersive experience in collaborative teaching and learning. The use of online learning methods in blended learning helps the course designers in using learning materials as their preference. While several studies were conducted to investigate the current state of Open Educational Resources (OER) in several regions (e.g., Europe, America, Middle East and MENA), to the best of our knowledge, no study was conducted to cover the entire Arab region, specifically the twenty-two Arab countries. OER enhances engagement with content and collections. openscot.net. A growing number of higher education institutions and governmental bodies are joining the movement by both contributing to the inventory of open educational resources and by using them. Therefore, to identify the OER gap in this region and then provide recommendations to . The nature of these open materials means that anyone can legally and freely copy, use, adapt, and re-share them. Use of apps: Different apps nowadays are used for online education. The term open educational resources was first adopted at the 2002 UNESCO Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries, sponsored by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. In a survey study, 1819 educators from various educational . Open Education Resources for Nursing is a project led by Chippewa Valley Technical College The Open RN project is funded by a $2.5 million dollar grant from the Department of Education to create 5 OER Nursing Textbooks with 25 associated Virtual Reality scenarios. Open educational resources are educational materials (e.g., course textbooks, research articles, videos, assessments, simulations, etc.) The Open Educational Resources (OER) Degree Initiative seeks to boost college access and completion, particularly for underserved students, by engaging faculty in the redesign of courses and degree programs through the replacement of proprietary textbooks with open educational resources. Numerous open or open educational resource databases and search engines exist. Again, open access to resources is an important element in educational innovation, but it is not the only solution. Keywords: Digital age, Open Educational Resources, OER, Education OERs include textbooks, curricula, lecture notes, assignments, tests, projects, audio, video and It . For a philosophical perspective, read through the article Emotional Ownership as the Key to OER Adoption: From Sharing Products and Resources to Sharing Ideas and Commitment across Borders. 2 The Promise of Open Educational Resources. the foundation for modern open education. OERS are educational materials that are low cost or no cost to the . The Cape Town Open Education Declaration (2008) and Paris OER Declaration(2012) provided guidelines and encouragement to the Governments to release Educational resources with open licenses. the hope that rapid progress toward higher levels of educational achievement in the developing world will support and sustain rapid economic and social development. The educational resources of schools play an important role in order to diminish the effect of socioeconomic features on academic achievement, and create equal opportunities for students. From conferences and declarations dedicated to the support of OERs to the de-velopment of resource repositories and other services, there has been a general awakening in the learning community. The usage of Open Educational Resources (OER) in modern Indian higher education is playing an increasingly important role in improving the quality of education in both developed and developing nations. The open educational resource (OER) movement aims to break down such barriers and to encourage and enable freely sharing content. Questions to ask about the OER you are thinking of using. It considers the impact of adopting more open practices on learning, teaching and research. IMPORTANCE OF E-LEARNING IN NIGERIA INTRODUCTION The marriage between technology and education is as old as the invention of paper and pen. What is Open Pedagogy? The economic austerity in recent times, coupled with the need for expansion of access to education, have combined 26. The inductive approach followed the lens of commodification to answer the research . improve education by expanding the reach of openly available educational resources, improving California education policies, and by supporting "deeper learning"—a combination of the fundamental knowledge and practical basic skills all students will need to succeed. Roadmap 2012 on Open Educational Practises and Resources (Geser 2007) explores possible. Open education broadens access to the learning and training traditionally offered through formal education systems and is typically (but not necessarily . Open Education is important because having materials openly available and textbooks openly available allows teachers and students or learners at those institutions to have access to materials that they normally would not be able to afford. 6 Understanding Open Educational Resources 1.1.1 Learning Outcomes On completion of this self-study lesson, you are expected to be able to: • Define the concept of OER; • List the major events in the development of the open movement; • Identify the merits and challenges of using OER; • Describe the roles played by various institutions in promoting the use of The OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) has already addressed a number of issues regarding e-learning in higher education, publishing reports on E-learning: The Partnership Challenge Introducing Open Access and our investigation The movement of Open Access is attempting to reach a global audience of students and staff on campus and in The term OER describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses. Open educational resources cover a wide range of . The use of open educational resources (OER) is gaining momentum in higher education institutions. (ضرورة تبني الموارد التعليمية المفتوحة في المؤسسات . Open Educational Resources (OER) are any type of educational materials that are in the public domain or introduced with an open license. This team empowers faculty to discover open resources for teaching and learning, identify basic principles of open licensing and its application(s), apply mechanisms for open resource adoption (e.g. Introduction The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement is fifteen . More information about the definitions of Open Educational Resources can be found on the Creative Commons Wiki: and in David Wiley's post on freedoms in OER. Freely (or nearly so) available content which benefits from the wisdom of the masses Access to teachers, students, and parents wherever they are educational resources. They are an important element of an infrastructure for learning and range from podcasts to digital libraries to textbooks and games. pathways towards a higher level of production, sharing and usage of OER and provides . Find Open Content is a short tutorial for participants to acquire the skills necessary to search for open content, decipher Creative Commons rights and permissions and evaluate the accuracy and relevance of Open Educational Resources (OER) identified. Achieve Open Educational Resources Evaluation Tool Handbook. Open educational resources (OERs) are teaching, learning and research materials made available for free, and with no or only limited restrictions, to support access to knowledge. Recognizing and Overcoming Obstacles: What It Will Take to Realize the Potential of OER Assumptions and Challenges of Open Scholarship V. Appendices Chapter Authors Glossary Keywords Index VI. This paper critiques the rise and impact of the open education movement, focusing in particular on Higher Education. On the web: www.hewlett.org OER is an educational movement. 2. These apps . The importance for adoption of Open Educational Resources in Arab Education and Training Institutions. Over the next three years, the Open Educational Resources Degree Initiative will lay the groundwork for . Open educational resources (OER) are learning, teaching and research materials in any format and medium that reside in the public domain or are under copyright that have been released under an open license, that permit no-cost access, re-use, re-purpose, adaptation and redistribution by others (UNESCO 2020a).OER can effectively and efficiently support learning and knowledge sharing (Butcher . The importance of OER - teaching and learning materials provided for non-commercial purposes openly and We aim to understand the challenges academics face with in . Open educational resources include open-access digital journals and course material. From there, they cover the period they refer to as 'open's adolescence' from 2004 to 2010. Open Praxis, vol. Doug Sovde, Achieve. Open Educational Resources: Innovation, Research and Practice PERSPECTIVES ON OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING Rory McGreal, Wanjira Kinuthia and Stewart Marshall Editors Tim McNamara . Recognizing that, in building inclusive knowledge societies, Open Educational Resources (OER) can support quality education that is equitable, inclusive, open and participatory as well as enhance academic freedom and professional autonomy of teachers by widening the scope of materials available for teaching and learning, We aim to understand the challenges academics face with in . Open education is an umbrella term under which different understandings of open education can be accommodated. 10.2 Open educational resources (OER) Open educational resources are somewhat different from open learning, in that they are primarily content, while open learning includes both content and educational services, such as specially designed online materials, in-built learner support and assessment. However, more and more institutions and individuals are sharing their digital learning resources over the Internet, openly and for free, as Open Educational Resources (OER). Wiley, D. OER-Enabled Pedagogy Wiley, D. Open Pedagogy: The Importance of Getting it in the Air Wiley, D. A Look at the Future of Open Educational Resources Downes, S. Yet adoption rates are understood to be low and teachers face many challenges when they want to use OER. Open education is an educational movement founded on openness, with connections to other educational movements such as critical pedagogy, and with an educational stance which favours widening participation and inclusiveness in society. Defining Open Education Practice Conole (2010) suggests that Open Educational Practices (OEP) are a set of activities and support around the creation, use and repurposing of Open Educational Resources (OERs). These emerging practices enabled by open content licensing (and an open mindset) involve students in making decisions about their own learning experiences and . She brings forth three importance dimensions: The stakeholders engaged with creating, using or supporting the use of OER. Scholars are increasingly being asked to share teaching materials, publish in open access journals, network in social media, and reuse open educational resources (OER). The OLCOS. Current Situation and importance of ICT Today: 1. Open Scotland is a cross sector initiative that aims to raise awareness of open education, encourage the sharing of open educational resources, and explore the potential of open policy and practice to benefit all sectors of Scottish education. Open Pedagogy with Faculty and Students: Open Pedagogy is a collection of open practices in the classroom made possible by replacing commercial textbooks with open educational resources. reuse/remix), utilize existing open resources . The Internet is an excellent source for a variety of educational resources, including e-books, videos, workshops, and more. OERs are becoming increasingly important in the education sector. The study also sought to establish how perceptions are formed. Open education resources have an important role in this ideal situation, providing teachers with . Open education/Open Learning seeks to put in place policies and practices that permit entry to learning with no or minimum barriers with respect to age, gender or time constraints, and with recognition of prior learning. the importance of the formation of a consortium of OER producers across institutions and countries. Research examining whether OER provides learning benefits have produced mixed results, with most studies showing null effects. Faculty who use OER in their courses are using freely available, high-quality educational resources in order to bring textbook costs down for students. The development and promotion of open educational resources is often motivated by a desire to provide an alternate or enhanced educational paradigm. It goes beyond open educational resources (OER) and open research outputs to embrace strategic decisions, teaching methods, collaboration between individuals and institutions, recognition of non-formal learning and different ways of making content available. 6 issue 1, January-March 2014, pp. resources is brought together, it can manipulate other resources towards realizing institutional goals and objectives. Finally, they discuss recent trends in open, Hewlett Foundation funding priorities, and their hopes for the future of the movement. Keywords: Open access, open educational resources, open education, open and distance learning, open access publishing and licensing, digital scholarship 1. The term Open Educational Resources (OER) was coined in 2002 in UNESCO Forum on the Impact of Open Course Ware for Higher Education in Developing Countries. This chapter outlines some theoretical, historical and analytical themes covering national, trans-national and international trends in open education. This paper approaches this question both from the perspective of research into the use of open educational resources (OER) in teaching and learning. This study, building on previous OECD work on e-learning, asks why this is happening, who is involved and what the most important implications of this development are. This research aimed to reveal the importance of open educational resources (OER) in the digital age. Open Educational Resources in the People's Republic of China Preface While the Open Educational Resources (OER) mov ement trails its way in China, scholars and researchers in the fields of education, copyright law, computer science and network technology are paying more and more attention to this new undertaking. Strive to attract and retain the best of human resource to adapting open for! 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