But literacy was their usual weapon, not spells, and many of them picked up enough legal knowledge to fight their corner in civil disputes. Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me! In the end, he decided, in the words of his friend Erasmus, to be a chaste husband rather than an impure priest.. The sitter might as well be carved, for all she suggests flesh or circulating blood. Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. The remnants of the Plantagenets had no difficulty in breeding, while the Tudors were less lucky. A painting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: 'unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury'. Her maternal grandfather was killed fighting against her uncle, Edward IV, at the Battle of Barnet. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. Two days later, a four-count indictment charging More with treason was presented to the commission. There, she was surrounded by connections of the Boleyn queen. The work was a marvel of learning and wit and wholly original; it was soon translated throughout the Continent and its author hailed as one of the foremost Humanist thinkers. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. 83 ratings9 reviews. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. He returned to Padua in 1532 and received a last English benefice in December of that same year. And why such an obvious and clumsy admission? His personal life remained placid and content. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. She had a dispute over land with Henry VIII in 1518; he awarded the contested lands to the Dukedom of Somerset, which had been held by his Beaufort great-grandfather, and were now in the possession of the Crown. Her mother died after giving birth to a fourth child; that brother died ten days after their mother. She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. More was not a man to be broken by prison, but he suffered physically. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. For Maid star Margaret Qualley, her job was all about building a relationship with child actor Rylea Nevaeh Whittet and making her feel safe on the set of the Netflix series that delves into . But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. He moved into the Carthusian monastery adjoining Lincolns Inn and participated in the monks way of life as much as he could, while still pursuing his legal career. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. And when the English clergy were forced to acknowledge Henry as the supreme head of their church, More attempted to resign his office. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. But not your principles. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. The second season of The Spanish Princess premieres on Starz on Sunday, October 11. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. As part of his 'Random Histo. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. He was first appointed a Privy Councilor and accompanied Wolsey to an important diplomatic mission to Europe. But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. It proved to be another happy marriage, though Mores friends remarked upon Alices sharp tongue and occasionally brusque ways. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. On the scaffold, Margaret prayed for the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as illegitimate. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Was More surprised by this speech? The little Earl of Warwick remained alive and shut away. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. She built herself a castle at Warblington, close to the sea on the Hampshire-Sussex border. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. Margaret Pole was born about four years after her parents had married, and was the first child born after the couple lost their first child on board a ship fleeing to France during the Wars of the Roses. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. A devoted Catholic, More refuses to sign Parliament's Act of Supremacy, which declares King Henry, and not the Pope, the Supreme Head of the new Church of England. His resignation was at first not accepted. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. This More was fully prepared to do. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. [12] In May 1536, Reginald finally and definitively broke with the king. To that end, he spent the next three years in study and prayer, wearing a hair shirt next to his skin (a practice he never abandoned), and struggling to reconcile his genuine religious fervor with the demands of the outside world. It was also due to Henrys deep and unfeigned friendship with More. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. But that was years in the future. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. 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In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . And the king did not force the issue. It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. Elizabeth Darrell, later Thomas Wyatts mistress, refused the oath; Lady Hussey, wife of one of Marys household, was imprisoned because she would not accept Marys exclusion from the succession and insisted on addressing her as a princess. They were charged with treason. Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. When not at Court, Margaret lived chiefly at Warblington Castle in Hampshire and Bisham Manor in Berkshire. There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. As a newly elected representative for London in Parliament and an undersheriff in the city, he was deeply involved in public life. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". Abstract. ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. Either her sons had not made her aware of their dealings, Fitzwilliam concluded, or she was an adept in brazen deceit. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. She would have been a widow when the portrait was painted, but she holds a sprig of honeysuckle, symbol of love and marriage. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. She is the daughter of a duke and the niece of two kings, Edward IV and Richard III. Two written eyewitness reports survived her execution: one by Marillac, the French ambassador, and the other by Chapuys, ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. When he later built his Great House in Chelsea, its rooms were specifically designed to encourage quiet study and prayer. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. In this first biography of a significant female figure in the male-dominated world of British Tudor politics, Hazel Pierce reconsiders the life and martyrdom of Catholic duchess Margaret Pole against the changing social and political landscape of her times. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16th century to hold a peerage in her own right. They were preventing her marriage to the king. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. Her husbands career flourished. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. First I went on the Internet to find some ways of measuring wind speed. * Thomas Stafford (1531-4 May 1557) who was captured and executed for High Treason in Scarborough. The popular image is of a man principled, steadfast, courageous who placed his own conscience above his kings demands. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. It was sumptuously furnished and built of brick a modern material but moated, crenellated, archaic in form. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. Stoke was a decisive victory. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. Jan 2016 - Mar 20226 years 3 months. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. As part of the evidence for the bill of attainder, Cromwell produced a tunic bearing the Five Wounds of Christ, symbolizing Margaret's support for the Church of Rome and the rule of her son, Reginald, and the king's Roman Catholic daughter, Mary. Perhaps the contrast with the quiet, gentle Jane was too striking. The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. 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